​

Ali, W. N. A., Hassan, N., Hassan, K and Nayan, N. M. (2016). The morphology of heritage trees in Colonial Town: Taiping Lake Garden, Perak, Malaysia. Procedia – Social Behavioral Sciences, 222, 621-630.

 

American Legal Publishing. (2023). Article 8: Protective Regulations for Exceptional Trees. Retrieved from. ARTICLE 8: PROTECTIVE REGULATIONS FOR EXCEPTIONAL TREES (amlegal.com).

 

Ballantyne, M., Montero, L., Sutcliffe, K., Croft, P., Morrison, T., Wells, J., Doolette, A., Peacock, D., & Wilkins, C. (2021). A Call to Action: Protecting Adelaide’s Tree Canopy [PDF File]. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1NNHwmYJkjcrp4rbdw4bn1O4pCyl3408u/view.

 

Baur, J. W., Tynon, J. F., Ries, P., & Rosenberger, R. S. (2016). Public attitudes about urban forest ecosystem services management: A case study in Oregon cities. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 17, 42-53.

 

Beatley, T. (2009). Biophilic urbanism: Inviting nature back to our communities and into our lives. Wm. & Mary Envtl. L. & Pol'y Rev., 34, 209-238.

 

Beatley, T., & Newman, P. (2013). Biophilic cities are sustainable, resilient cities. Sustainability, 5(8), 3328-3345.

 

Beckley, T., Parkins, J., & Sheppard, S., (2006). Public Participation in Sustainable Forest Management: A Reference Guide. Sustainable Forest Management Network.

 

Britton, J., Boyd, E.K., & Hoch, W.A. (2015). The State of Heritage Tree Programs in the Rocky Mountain/Interior Plain Province. Landscape. Res. Rec, 4, 138-149.

 

Busbridge, S., Clarkson, B. D., & Wallace, K. J. (2021). A tenuous link: Information transfer between urban ecological research and restoration practice. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 60, 127019.

 

Cabin, R. J., Clewell, A., Ingram, M., McDonald, T., & Temperton, V. (2010). Bridging restoration science and practice: results and analysis of a survey from the 2009 society for ecological restoration international meeting. Restoration Ecology, 18(6), 783-788.

 

Casey Trees. (2023). Heritage Tree Removal. Retrieved from: Heritage Tree Removal - Casey Trees.

 

Chen, W. Y. (2015). Public willingness-to-pay for conserving urban heritage trees in Guangzhou, south China. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 14(4), 796-805.

 

Cheung, L. T., Ma, A. T., Wong, G. K., Lo, A. Y., & Jim, C. Y. (2022). Perceived benefits, negative impacts, and willingness‐to‐pay to improve urban green space. Geographical Research, 60(3), 414-430.

 

City and County of Honolulu. (2021). Exceptional Tree Program. Retrieved from: https://www.honolulu.gov/parks/hbg/exceptional-tree-program.html.

 

City of Burnside. (2023). Regulated and Significant Tree Assistance Scheme Application. Retrieved from: Regulated and Significant Tree Assistance Scheme Application - City of Burnside.

 

City of Burnside. (2004). Tree Assistance Fund. Retrieved: March 13, 2024 from Tree Assistance Fund - City of Burnside.

 

City of Marion. (2019). Regulated and Significant Trees [PDF File]. Retrieved from: https://cdn.marion.sa.gov.au/sp/Brochure-Regulated-and-Significant-Trees-2019-20.pdf?mtime=20190701093313.

 

City of Marion. (n.d.). Tree Maintenance Fund. Retrieved: March 13, 2024 from Tree Maintenance Fund | City of Marion.

 

City of Melbourne. (2012). Exceptional Tree Register [PDF File]. Retrieved from: http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/SiteCollectionDocuments/exceptional-treeregister.

 

City of Menlo Park. (2023). Heritage Tree Definition and Ordinance. Retrieved from: Heritage tree definition and ordinance City of Menlo Park.

 

City of Milpitas. (2016). City of Milpitas Heritage Tree Program [PDF File]. Retrieved from: http://www.ci.milpitas.ca.gov/_pdfs/pw_heritage_tree_program.pdf.

 

City of Port Adelaide Enfield. (2023). Significant and Regulated Trees Assistance Scheme. Retrieved from: Significant and Regulated Trees Assistance Scheme | Port Adelaide Enfield (cityofpae.sa.gov.au).

 

City of Portland, Parks and Recreation. (2016). Heritage Tree Program Guidebook. Retrieved

from: https://www.portlandoregon.gov/parks/article/441738.

 

City of San Diego. (2005). Council Policy: Public tree protection [PDF File]. Retrieved from: cpd_900-19.pdf (sandiego.gov).

 

City of West Hollywood. (2018). Heritage Tree Program. Retrieved from: http://www.weho.org/home/showdocument?id=1898.

 

Clark, C., Ordóñez, C., & Livesley, S. J. (2020). Private tree removal, public loss: Valuing and enforcing existing tree protection mechanisms is the key to retaining urban trees on private land. Landscape and Urban Planning, 203, 1-11.

 

Clark, J. R., Matheny, N. P., Cross, G., & Wake, V. (1997). A model of urban forest sustainability. Journal of Arboriculture, 23, 17-30.

 

Delavari-Edalat, F., & Abdi, M. R. (2010). Human-environment interactions based on biophilia values in an urban context: Case study. Journal of Urban Planning and Development, 136(2), 162-168.

 

Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Forestry and Wildlife. (2019). How Hawai‘i’s Counties Regulate Trees. Retrieved from Urban-Forestry-County-Regulation-Reference-Guide_final-draft.pdf (Hawai‘i.gov).

 

Driscoll, A. N., Ries, P. D., Tilt, J. H., & Ganio, L. M. (2015). Needs and barriers to expanding urban forestry programs: An assessment of community officials and program managers in the Portland–Vancouver metropolitan region. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 14(1), 48-55.

 

Fabian, Y., Bollmann, K., Brang, P., Heiri, C., Olschewski, R., Rigling, A., ... & Holderegger, R. (2019). How to close the science-practice gap in nature conservation? Information sources used by practitioners. Biological Conservation, 235, 93-101.

 

FAO. (2016). Guidelines on urban and peri-urban forestry, by F. Salbitano, S. Borelli, M. Conigliaro and Y. Chen. FAO Forestry Paper No._178. Rome, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

 

Fazio, R. H., & Zanna, M. P. (1981). Direct experience and attitude-behavior consistency. In Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 14, pp. 161-202). Academic Press.

 

Forests Ontario. (2017). Heritage Tree. Toronto, Canada. Retrieved from https://www.forestsontario.ca/community/in-the-spotlight/heritage-trees/.

 

Government of South Australia. (2021a). Identifying and Managing Regulated and Significant Trees. Retrieved from: Fact_Sheet_Identifying_and_managing_regulated_and_significant_trees.pdf (plan.sa.gov.au).

 

Government of South Australia. (2021b). Regulated and Significant Trees. Retrieved from: https://www.sa.gov.au/topics/planning-and-property/land-and-property-development/property-development/regulated-and-significant-trees.

 

Government of South Australia. (n.d.). Protecting Regulated and Significant Trees [PDF File]. Retrieved from: FAQ_-_Protecting_regulated_and_significant_trees.pdf (plan.sa.gov.au).

 

Habel, J. C., Gossner, M. M., Meyer, S. T., Eggermont, H., Lens, L., Dengler, J., & Weisser, W. W. (2013). Mind the gaps when using science to address conservation concerns. Biodiversity and Conservation, 22, 2413-2427.

 

Harper, R. W., Huff, E. S., Bloniarz, D. V., DeStefano, S., Nicolson, C. R., & Davidsohn, M. (2020). Employing qualitative research interviews to understand urban forestry stakeholder continuing education needs. Arboricultural Journal, 42(2), 65-75.

 

Hawai‘i County. (2017). Hawai‘i County Code: Article 10. Exceptional Trees. Retrieved from: chapter14.pdf (Hawai‘icounty.gov).

 

Hawai‘i State Legislature. (1975). Act 105. Environmental Quality. Retrieved from: SLH1975_Act105.pdf (Hawai‘i.gov).

 

Hurley, J., Kendal, D. J., Bush, J., & Rowley, S. (2018). How tree bonds can help preserve the urban forest. The Conversation. Retrieved from: How tree bonds can help preserve the urban forest (theconversation.com).

 

International Society of Arboriculture. (2023). Author Guidelines. Retrieved from: Author Guidelines | Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (isa-arbor.com).

 

Janse, G., Konijnendijk, C. C. (2007). Communication between science, policy and citizens in public participation in urban forestry – Experiences from the Neighbourwoods project. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 6, 23-40.

 

Jim, C. Y. (2004). Evaluation of heritage trees for conservation and management in Guangzhou City, China. Environmental Management, 33(1), 74-86.

 

Jim, C. Y. (2005a). Monitoring the performance and decline of heritage trees in urban Hong Kong. Journal of Environmental Management 74: 161-172.

 

Jim, C. Y. (2005b). Outstanding remnants of nature in compact cities: patterns and preservation of heritage trees in Guangzhou city (China). Geoforum, 36(3), 371-385.

 

Jim, C. Y. (2017). Urban heritage trees: Natural-cultural significance informing management and conservation. In P. Y. Tan & C. Y. Jim (Eds.), Greening cities: Forms and functions (pp. 279-305). Springer, Singapore.

 

Jim, C. Y. (2018). Protecting heritage trees in urban and peri-urban environments. Unasylva, 69(250), 66-74.
 

Jim, C. Y., Zhang, H. (2013). Species diversity and spatial differentiation of old-valuable trees in urban Hong Kong. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 12, 171-182.

 

Jones, O., Cloke, P. (2008). Non-Human Agencies: Trees in Place and Time. In: Knappett, C., Malafouris, L. (Eds.) Material Agency. Springer, Boston, MA.

 

Kabassi, K., Asiklaris, K., Martinis, A., Minotou, C., & Botonis, A. (2025). Designing a Cross-Platform Application That Employs Multi-Criteria Decision Making for Estimating the Value of Monumental Trees. Applied Sciences, 15(6), 3353.

 

Kabassi, K., Martinis, A., & Minotou, C. (2021). Estimating the value of monumental olive trees: Designing a tool using multi-criteria decision making. Trees, Forests and People, 6, 100151.

 

Kaplan, Rachel., & Kaplan, S. (1989). The experience of nature: a psychological perspective. Cambridge University Press.

 

Kaua‘i County. (n.d.). Article 5. Preservation of Exceptional Trees. Retrieved from: article-5-preservation-of-exceptional-trees.pdf (Kaua‘i.gov). June 2023.

 

Klenk, N. L., & Hickey, G. M. (2011). Government science in forestry: characteristics and policy utilization. Forest Policy and Economics, 13(1), 37-45.

 

Koeser, A. K., Hauer, R. J., Andreu, M., Northrop, R., & Hilbert, D. R. (2023). Attitudes towards tree protections, development, and urban forest incentives among Florida (United States) residents. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 86, 1-6.

 

Konijnendijk van den Bosch, C. C. (2016). Tree agency and urban forest governance. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 5(2), 176-188.

 

Konijnendijk, C. C., & Gauthier, M. (2006). Urban forestry for multifunctional urban land use. Cities farming for the future: Agriculture for green and productive cities. R. van Veenhuizen, Ed. Rome: RUAF Foundation, 414-416.

 

Lau, B. Y. S., Jonathan, Y. C. T., & Alias, M. S. (2017). Heritage tree expert assessment and classification: Malaysian perspective. International Journal of Biological and Ecological Engineering, 11(8), 629-635.

​

Laursen, S., Puniwai, N., Genz, A. S., Nash, S. A. B., Canale, L. K., Ziegler-Chong, S. (2018). Collaboration across worldviews: Managers and scientists on Hawai’i Island utilize knowledge coproduction to facilitate climate adaptation. Environmental Management, 62, 619-630.

 

Lawrence, A., De Vreese, R., Johnston, M., Van Den Bosch, C. C. K., & Sanesi, G. (2013). Urban forest governance: Towards a framework for comparing approaches. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 12(4), 464-473.

 

Legal Services Commission of South Australia (2021). Significant and Regulated Trees. Retrieved from: https://lawhandbook.sa.gov.au/ch31s06s02.php.

 

Lekan, T. M. (2004). Imagining the nation in nature. Harvard University Press.

 

LeRoux, K. (2007). Nonprofits as civic intermediaries: The role of community-based organizations in promoting political participation. Urban Affairs Review, 42(3), 410-422.

 

Li, K., & Zhang, G. Species Diversity and Distribution Pattern of Heritage Trees in the Rapidly-Urbanizing Province of Jiangsu, China. Forests 2021, 12, 1543.

 

Lin, H. W., Chuang, Y. C., & Liu, W. Y. (2020). Assessing the economic value of an iconic urban heritage tree. Forest Policy and Economics, 118, 1-13.

 

Lorenzo, A. B., Blanche, C. A., Qi, Y., & Guidry, M. M. (2000). Assessing residents' willingness to pay to preserve the community urban forest: A small-city case study. Journal of Arboriculture, 26(6), 319-325.

 

Maddison, S., & Denniss, R. (2013). An introduction to Australian public policy: Theory and practice. Cambridge University Press.

 

Maui County Arborist Advisory Committee. (2016). Maui County Planting Plan: Third Edition. Retrieved from: MCPP 2015 Third Edition (mauicounty.gov).

​

McNamara, P., Carter, C. (2006). The National Trust of South Australia and significant trees [Conference Presentation]. Treenet 2006 Symposium, Adelaide, Australia. https://treenet.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/06TS-THE-NATIONAL-TRUST-OF-SOUTH-AUSTRALIA-AND-SIGNIFICANT-TREES_Philip-McNamara.pdf

 

McNie, E. C. (2007). Reconciling the supply of scientific information with user demands: an analysis of the problem and review of the literature. Environmental Science & Policy, 10(1), 17-38.

 

Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board. (2018). Heritage Tree Program. Retrieved from: https://www.minneapolisparks.org/park_care__improvements/trees/heritage_tree_program/.

 

Moskell, C., Broussard Allred, S., & Ferenz, G. (2011). Examining volunteer motivations and recruitment strategies for engagement in urban forestry. Cities and the Environment (CATE), 3(1), 9.

 

National Parks Board, Singapore. (2017). Heritage Trees” Retrieved from: https://www.nparks.gov.sg/gardens-parks-and-nature/heritage-trees.

 

National Trust of Australia. (2021a). Who We Are. Retrieved from: https://trusttrees.org.au/about.

 

National Trust of Australia. (2021b). About This Form: Retrieved from:

https://trusttrees.org.au/nominate.

 

Nebraska Forest Service. (2018). About Champion and Heritage Trees. Retrieved from: https://nfs.unl.edu/about-champion-and-heritage-trees.

Newman, P. (2014) Biophilic urbanism: a case study on Singapore, Australian Planner, 51:1, 47-65.

 

Nilsson, K., Konijnendijk, C. C., Nielsen, A. B. (2013). Urban Forest Function, Design and Management. In V. Loftness & D. Haase (Eds.), Sustainable Built Environments, 701-732. 

 

Nowak, D. J., Crane, D. E., & Dwyer, J. F. (2002). Compensatory value of trees in the United States. Journal of Arboriculture, 28(4), 194-199. 

 

Okoli, C., Pawlowski, S.D. (2004). The Delphi research method as a tool: an example, design considerations and applications. Information and Management 42: 15-29

 

Ordonez, C., Threlfall, C. G., Kendal, D., Hochuli, D. F., Davern, M., Fuller, R. A., van der Ree, R., Livesley, S. J. (2019). Urban forest governance and decision-making: A systematic review and synthesis of the perspectives of municipal managers. Landscape and Urban Planning, 189, 166-180.

 

Ordonez, C., Threlfall, C. G., Livesley, S. J., Kendal, D., Fuller, R. A., Davern, M., van der Ree, R., Hochuli, D. F. (2020). Decision-making of municipal urban forest managers through the lens of governance. Environmental Science and Policy, 104, 136-147.

 

Ordóñez-Barona, C., Bush, J., Hurley, J., Amati, M., Juhola, S., Frank, S., ... & Livesley, S. J. (2021). International approaches to protecting and retaining trees on private urban land. Journal of Environmental Management, 285, 1-18.

 

Ott, N., Blood, A., Almas, A., & Barron, S. (2025). Right Appraisal for the Right Purpose: Comparing Techniques for Appraising Heritage Trees in Australia and Canada. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry, 51(4), 275-296.

 

Pike, K., O’Herrin, K., Klimas, C., & Vogt, J. (2021). Tree preservation during construction: An evaluation of a comprehensive municipal tree ordinance. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 57, 1-13.

 

Píšová, S., Tokarieva, O., & Sendonin, S. (2023). The experience of preserving ancient trees in Vienna, Austria. Ukrainian Journal of Forest and Wood Science, 14(2), 83-95.

 

Pokorny, J. D. (1998). Urban forest health needs assessment survey: results and recommendations (Vol. 1). USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Area, State and Private Forestry.

 

Ritchie, M. (2019). Establishing Consensus Core Criteria for the Protection of Heritage Trees (Publication No. 27548572) [Master’s thesis, University of Hawai'i at Manoa]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.

 

Ritchie, M., & Kaufman, A. (2025). Identifying Essential Selection Criteria and Program Components to Improve Hawai‘i’s Exceptional Tree Program Based on Expert Consensus. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry, 51(3), 193-214. 

 

Ritchie, M., & Kaufman, A. (2024). Challenges and opportunities for Hawai ‘i’s Exceptional Tree Program based on the lived experiences of urban forestry practitioners. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 101, 128516.

 

Ritchie, M., Szuster, B., & Kaufman, A. (2021). Establishing consensus criteria for determining heritage tree status. Arboricultural Journal, 43(2), 73-92.

 

Roux, D. J., Rogers, K. H., Biggs, H. C., Ashton, P. J., & Sergeant, A. (2006). Bridging the science–management divide: moving from unidirectional knowledge transfer to knowledge interfacing and sharing. Ecology and Society, 11(1), 1-20.

 

Sax, D., Manson, C., & Nesbitt, L. (2020). Governing for diversity: An exploration of practitioners' urban forest preferences and implications for equitable governance. Frontiers in Sustainable Cities, 2, 1-14.

 

Seamans, G. S. (2013). Mainstreaming the environmental benefits of street trees. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 12(1), 1-11.

 

Seavy, N. E., & Howell, C. A. (2010). How can we improve information delivery to support conservation and restoration decisions? Biodiversity and Conservation, 19, 1261-1267.

 

Stagoll, K., Lindenmayer, D. B., Knight, E., Fischer, J., & Manning, A. D. (2012). Large trees are keystone structures in urban parks. Conservation Letters, 5(2), 115-122.

 

Stern, S. (2006). Encouraging conservation on private lands: behavioral analysis of

financial incentives. Arizona Law Review, 48(3), 541-584.

 

Tokarieva, O., Kushnir, А., Sendonin, S., Yavnyi, M., & Kurylo, O. (2024). Monumental trees of Ukraine and public awareness of them. Ukrainian Journal of Forest and Wood Science, 2(15), 153-169.

 

Ugolini, F., Massetti, L., Sanesi, G., & Pearlmutter, D. (2015). Knowledge transfer between stakeholders in the field of urban forestry and green infrastructure: Results of a European survey. Land Use Policy, 49, 365-381.

 

Village of Glenview. (2013). Heritage Tree Brochure [PDF File]. Retrieved from: http://glenview.il.us/about/Documents/heritage_tree_brochure.pdf.

 

Walsh, J. C., Dicks, L. V., & Sutherland, W. J. (2015). The effect of scientific evidence on conservation practitioners’ management decisions. Conservation Biology, 29(1), 88-98.

 

Xie, C., Zou, K., & Jim, C. Y. (2025). Balancing tree age and other critical criteria to improve heritage tree designation and protection in China. Urban Ecosystems, 28(5), 199.

 

Xie, C., Huang, C., Jiang, S., Tian, E., & Liu, D. (2025). Heritage Trees of Lingshui, China: Diversity, Distribution, and Conservation Challenges. BioResources, 20(3).

 

Zhang, Y., Hussain, A., Deng, J., & Letson, N. (2007). Public attitudes toward urban trees and supporting urban tree programs. Environment and Behavior, 39(6), 797-814.

 

Zhang, Y., Zheng, B., Allen, B., Letson, N., & Sibley, J. L. (2009). Tree ordinances as public policy and participation tools: development in Alabama. Journal of Arboriculture, 35(3), 165.